Preventing Schizophrenia in High Risk Populations
Originally published: 17 March, 2021
Updated occasionally
How to prevent schizophrenia in those at risk
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Schizophrenia can develop at any age. 70% under 30, under 12 extremely unlikely.
If you have close relatives it is more likely
40 to 65% twin
10% one parent
10% risk if your sibling has it
50% two parents
Perhaps you're looking to lower your risk or that of a loved one, or just curious
Animals
A dog 25% less risk between age 1 to 3
Cat doubles risk of exposed between age of 9 to 12 12 was cut off in the study
Stress
Low abuse child abuse 2.8x
Compared with someone who has not suffered trauma, those who have suffered five different types of trauma (including sexual and physical abuse) see their odds of developing psychosis increase more than fiftyfold
Low stress
Recent stressful life events 10% increase to schizophrenia
Poverty 2x Children who are liked more, less likely to develop schizo
Support network unknown
Parents married less then 2 years 50% increased
2 to 4 years 30% increased
Likeable children at 50% lower risk mostly* not if high poverty and worsening neighbourhood
Get married unknown
Ethnic difference 3.5x black 3x Hispanic in America
Bacterial infection during pregnancy 1.8 odds ratio, 2.9 in multisystemic infection, 1.6 localized infection, men 2.6 odds ratio difference, women no difference
Overprotective parenting as a child is linked to non-recovery (4X). Childhood bullying is bad and bereavement (2X) (these two points were once schiz had already started though)
David M. Kissen showed higher autonomic dysfunction in those who had suffered trauma, also repression of emotion might be bad (schizophrenics also have very high autonomic dysfunction)
(See drive kissen)
Pollution
Country vs city 2x
Pollution nitrogen dioxide cause schizo (is higher in cities)
Food
Schizophrenics ate about 2x more sugar than non-schizophrenics (true of bipolar too) hyperactivity, behavioural disorders. (focus on adolescence), chronic low dose aspirin fixed this. Other stressors such as social isolation can cause similar effect as sugar. (added Ja-22)
Supplements
Vit d summer babies 20% lower than winter babies
Choline supplementation reduces risk unknown
Extreme excess methionine in pregnancy causes schiz 2x in extreme cases (don't quote me here).
Fish oil 4x reduction in schizophrenia
(update) Folate halves risk (famine can cause this deficiency)
Low selenium in the soil doubles risk (1965 data)
Drugs
No lsd,
Psychedelics (1.9x), PCP, unknown , each trip increases risk
Amphetamines (ritalin causes stimulate psychosis in 0.1% of people, meth causes it in 36.5% of users (~21.48x increased risk of schizophrenia from using meth))
High thc skunk marijuana used daily 5x risk, smoking at least 5 times regular marijuana doubles risk.
Teenage (12 to 19 years) use of marijuana increases the risk of developing a psychotic disorder (while a teenager) by 11.2x (one third of those psychotic disorders were diagnosed as schizophrenia), (young adulthood use (20 to 33 years) of marijuana increased psychotic disorder risk by 1.3x) (Ontario (Canada) population based study) (about ~81% of teenage schizophrenia diagnoses may be related to smoking marijuana as a teen (but overall only 0.23% of schizophrenic diagnoses are made before the age of 18))
Alcohol increases schiz risk 3.4X
ACE inhibiters for blood pressure tied to worse schizophrenia
Those with naturally lower ACE levels also worse off
SSRI's in teens reduce cognitive deficits when schizophrenia develops in a certain sample
Blind people don't get schizophrenia 100%
In mice
Late stage adolescent antipsychotics prevented full blown schizo
Low intensity exercise ameliorates many symptoms but not all
Cognitive deficits in children of schizophrenics
Children with FHR-SZ were significantly impaired compared with controls on processing speed and working memory (Cohen d= 0.50; P<.001), executive and visuospatial functions (Cohen d= 0.28; P= .03), and declarative memory and attention (Cohen d= 0.29; P= .02)
But trade offs
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